This report provides background and advice on the integration of biodiversity considerations into the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The report provides scientific basis for the development of recommendations for each convention. The key points of the report include: 1) within the context of the Kyoto Protocol, additionality, leakage, permanence, and uncertainties, are important concepts for carbon storage in relation with the implementation of mitigation activities, 2) agroforestry systems have substantial potential to sequester carbon and can reduce soil erosion, moderate climate extremes on crops, improve water quality, and provide goods and services to local people, 3) national, regional and possibly international systems of criteria and indicators are useful in monitoring and evaluating the impact of climate change and mitigation and adaptation activities.
