The objective of this conference is to address issues and present new approaches that focus on the demand side of water and economic incentives, rather than the traditional focus on the supply side. The main activity of this Conference will be to review on-going experiences in different countries where demand-side instruments and water management institutions exist. Conference themes will include: water markets experiences in developed and developing countries, economic evaluation of water transfer between countries, economic impacts of water transfer from agricultural to urban uses, water rights and management of ground water and sea water intrusion, environmental and economic consequences of oil-production wastewater to aquifers, and sea water desalination.